下面通过一个实例来讲解RIP路由协议的基础知识，包括原理、应用和配置方法。首先诉说RIP协议的概念： RIP（Routing Information Protocol）是最常使用的内部网关协议(InteriorGateway Protocol)之一，是一种典型的基于D-V 算法的动态路由协议。通过UDP（User Datagram Protocol）报文交换路由信息，使用跳数（HopCount）来衡量到达目的地的距离（被称为路由权－Routing cost）。由于在RIP 中大于或等于16 的跳数被定义为无穷大（即目的网络或主机不可达），所以RIP 一般用于采用同类技术的中等规模的网络，如校园网及一个地区范围内的网络，RIP 并非为复杂、大型的网络而设计。 启动RIP，进入RIP 视图： router Rip
关闭RIP： no rip
在指定的网络上使能RIP network{ network-number| all }
在指定的网络上禁用RIP no network{ network-number| all
下面是拓扑图（由三台路由器和三台PC终端组成一个三角形网络）：
Router1： Router>enable //进入特权模式 Router#conf ter //进入全局配置模式 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#int f0/0 //配置Fa0/0 接口 Router(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 http://www.luyouqiwang.com/15203 Router(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up Router(config-if)# %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#int s0/0/0 //配置串口 Router(config-if)#ip add 1.1.6.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Router(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#int s0/0/1 //配置串口 Router(config-if)#ip add 1.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Router(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to down Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#router rip //进入RIP 视图 Router(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 //发布直连网络 Router(config-router)#exit Router(config)#exit Router# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Router#show ip route //查看路由表 Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 Router# Router2： Router>enable Router#conf ter Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#int f0/0 Router(config-if)#ip add 1.1.5.2 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#int s0/0/1 Router(config-if)#ip add 1.1.2.2 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Router(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#int s0/0/0 Router(config-if)#ip add 1.1.3.1 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#clo rate 64000 Router(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 Router(config-router)#exit Router(config)#exit Router# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Router# Router#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets R 1.1.1.0 [120/1] via 1.1.2.1, 00:00:11, Serial0/0/1 C 1.1.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 C 1.1.5.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 Router# Router3： Router>en Router#conf ter Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#int f0/0 Router(config-if)#ip add 1.1.4.2 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#int s0/0/0 Router(config-if)#ip add 1.1.6.2 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#clo rate 64000 Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)# %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#int s0/0/1 Router(config-if)#ip add 1.1.3.2 255.255.255.0 Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000 Router(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)# %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/1, changed state to up Router(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 Router(config-router)#exit Router(config)#exit Router# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Router#show ip rou Router#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnets R 1.1.1.0 [120/1] via 1.1.6.1, 00:00:02, Serial0/0/0 R 1.1.2.0 [120/1] via 1.1.6.1, 00:00:02, Serial0/0/0 [120/1] via 1.1.3.1, 00:00:10, Serial0/0/1 C 1.1.3.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 C 1.1.4.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R 1.1.5.0 [120/1] via 1.1.3.1, 00:00:10, Serial0/0/1 C 1.1.6.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 |
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