怎么恢复服务器数据

lhw00012

在日常工作中，我们在使用相关服务器系统的时候，总是偶尔会出现错误，导致系统崩溃，数据丢失等情况。当服务器运维人员发现服务器数据丢失问题时，很多人会在紧急情况下会失去判断能力，盲目的操作，这样只会让数据库的情况继续恶化，恢复就很难了。

一、丢失原因  

常见的导致数据丢失的原因包括：停电、自然灾害、设备故障或故障、意外删除数据、不小心格式化硬盘、硬盘读写头损坏、软件崩溃、逻辑错误、固件损坏、连续使用故障迹象、硬盘驱动器物理损坏、笔记本电脑失窃、咖啡或水溅到电脑后的迹象。但是大多数数据丢失是人为错误，而非恶意攻击所致。

二、保护措施

1、硬盘作为服务器数据存储的主要设备，同时也是一种技术含量高、制造精密的设备，服务器硬盘的发展目前已达到每秒10000转或15000转，普通的SATA硬盘也接近这个转速，在运行当中，一点细小的故障都有可能造成硬盘物理损坏，所以一般服务器都采用Raid磁盘阵列存储，加强服务器硬盘的容错功能。

对于一些重要的数据要使用其它设备时时进行备份，选用磁带机配合备份软件，定期定时做相对完善的备份方案。

2、时刻注意服务器硬盘的运行状况，对于服务器硬盘指示灯多多观察。一般来讲，服务器外观都有每一块硬盘指示灯，正常情况下一般会是绿色，指示灯出现特殊情况时，就需要采用相关措施，仔细检查硬盘设备是否正常。

三、数据恢复方法

1、由于文件和关于文件的信息存储在不同的位置，因此可以进行数据恢复。Windows操作系统使用文件分配表来跟踪硬盘上的哪些文件及其存储位置。分配表就像书的目录，而硬盘驱动器上的实际文件就像书中的页。只有文件分配表在需要恢复数据时才不起作用。需要恢复的实际文件可能仍然处于完整状态。若档案仍然存在，且没有损坏或加密，则可将其还原。还有其他的恢复方法，如果文件被破坏，丢失或者加密。即使文件被破坏了，它仍然可以被重新生成。很多应用程序在文件的开始处放置了一个统一的头以表明它们属于该应用程序。   

2、大部分数据恢复过程都与技术相结合，所以组织和恢复不只是通过磁盘。恢复磁盘中的核心应用程序和数据需要花一些时间，在灾难发生之后，您可能需要立即访问数据。而且，可能不需要远程位置的所有生产数据就可以恢复操作。所以确定哪些数据可以保留以及哪些数据必须恢复是明智的

于水冰壶

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